UNIT 12: MAPPING Strategy
What
is Mapping?
Another method is to make what we call
a map of the information. Maps method of condensing text to make it easier to
remember is to make what call a map of the information. Maps let you
"see" the main ideas of the information in the text. They also help
you organize the information by showing details related to main ideas. In
addition, making a map helps you remember what you have read because you must
paraphrase, or write in your own words, the material that you have read. When
you can clearly paraphrase the writer's words, you are much more likely to
remember the information.
Exercise
1
Ø
For each of the following selections, make a map that shows the topic or the
controlling idea, main ideas, and details
Selection
1:
Heartening
Health News
Here's a welcome reprieve from ominous health reports: Two new studies
suggest a couple of painless ways to ward off heart disease.
In one, researchers from the British Heart Foundation claim that taking
a walk before eating high-fat meals may speed your body's ability to rid itself
of triglycerides, which are the fats that can cause heart disease.
They studied a group of male and female volunteers in their twenties for
a four-day period. Some days, the group took a brisk two-hour walk before
sitting down to a breakfast consisting of fatty cereals, chocolate, buns and
cream. Other days, the group simply rested before the hearty repast.
The concentration of triglycerides was lower on the walking days than it
was on the rest days. The researchers were so enthused by the results, they're
already working on their next experiment: determining the effect of post-meal
walking on triglyceride levels.
Another study, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in
Atlanta, also offers some clear-cut advice: cheer up. The CDC researchers found
that mildly to moderately depressed people are more prone to heart disease.
Over a period of 12 years, researchers followed 2,832 adult volunteers,
11 percent of whom claimed to be down in the dumps. At the end of the study,
those who had complained of depression were more likely to have become ill or
died from heart disease than those who hadn't complained at all.
The moral of the story? Keep your spirits up and take walks for a
healthy heart.
-C. J.
Vimont
Alternative
Medicine
Long a Staple in Many cultures, alternative medicine is the choice of a
growing number of American health care consumers. One out of three American
adult., has tried some type of
"unconventional" Medical treatment, the New Eng- land Journal of
Medicine reported earlier this year.
And the number of visits to providers of unconventional therapy was May no be greater than the number of
visits to all primary care physicians nationwide
What's behind this growing revolution in health care? A number of
factors, including skyrocketing COOLS for conventional treatment, a desire for
a more holistic approach to treatment, and a need to find long-range solutions
to many chronic conditions, such as back pain sinusitis and headache.
While there's no single
recognized System of classification for alternative medicine the majority of
therapies call be divided into) four general categories,
Treatment with physical forces and devices Practitioners include
chiropractors body works practitioners, and acupuncturist
Spiritual and psychological therapies Practitioners include those who
us(-, mental imagery techniques and hypnosis as well as psychics mystics, and
others NO") engage in paranormal health remedies
Nutritional therapies Treatments
include herbal, vitamin and mineral dietary supplements, and specific regimens,
such as <t macrobiotic diet.
Drug and biologic treatment. Practitioners, including homeopathic
physicians, prescribe treatments including drugs, chemicals, and serums.
Most experts from both traditional and alternative medicine agree that
nontraditional treatment should be viewed as a complement to conventional
medical treatment, rather than a replacement for it. This is particularly true
in emergency situations, such as those involving broken bones, chest pains,
14gh fevers, or excessive bleeding.
Today, alternative medical therapy is used primarily by people With
chronic health problems that don't respond to conventional medical treatment
and by those Min use it as a method of preventive health care.
—NEA Today
Selection
3:
Mayan
Culture
In the isthmus of Central America, the
Mayans built a brilliant civilization a thousand years before Columbus. Giant
temples for their gods and pyramids for the dead suggest the important of
religious beliefs. Furthermore, the Mayan notion of an afterlife, of spirits
that existed beyond the realm of sight and sound and touch, was a powerful idea
that took the thoughts of men and women away from the day-to-day gat hering of
food. The building of temples required an army of workers. Cities sprang up
around these construction projects, and people were fed by food growers in the
hinterland. Specialization of work encouraged trade, and prosperity fostered
art and science. A thousand years before the Spaniards carne, the Mayans had a
civilization equal to any in the world. Among its achievements were the
development of paper, the invention of the numerical concept of zero, and the
use of a solar calendar.
-Norman K. Risjord
Selection
4:
Depression
For our early ancestors, depression was
a beneficial sta when they had to hut up with a period of harsh conditions
their environment When things got rough, they really had withdraw to retrench
Our early ancestors who got depress and just sat around during very frustrating
times were mo likely to) conserve their resources and energy. In doing s they
increased their chances for survival until better time came along. We probably
see an indication of this primitive emotional residue in ourselves on a cold,
overcast, winter Saturday when, for no reason we can put our finger on, , find
it difficult to do anything besides snacking, napping, a moping around the
house. The common depression you and I often experience may last from several hours
to several days. We feel miserable, but with time and some posit experience our
depression lifts.
In the relatively affluent society we
live in today, depression and withdrawal have no apparent survival benefits.
Most Of us, Conditions are not SO physically harsh < demanding as they were
for our early ancestors. So this ecological "hibernation" mechanism
Of depression, evolved by our ancestor successfully waiting our harsh periods
in the environment, does nothing for us. Our frustrations today do not come
from the environment but from the action of other people. Patients that
therapists sec today because they have a long-term depression have a history of
being frequently frustrated.
-Manuel
i. Smith
Selection
5
Profit
The profit principle is another basic characteristic of the capitalist
system. A capitalist economy provides more opportunity for profit than any
other economy because it guarantees three freedoms that are not commonly found
in other systems-freedom of trade and occupation, freedom of property and
freedom of contract.
When the capitalist system is described as a profit system, it is
frequently forgotten that the other side of the transaction is equally
important-capitalism is also a loss system.
Although it is true that never have so Many Made so much profit as under
capitalism, it is equally true that in no other system have so many lost so)
much. In American Economic development, bankruptcies and failures were very
common in the early stages of the mining, railroading, and automotive
industries in the computer industry the Radio Corporation of America, a giant
company, tried in vain to get a permanent place in the business. After making
computers for two decades, RCA finally decided to close down computer
production. In a typical year about four out of ten corporations report net
losses Of ten business firms started in an average year five close down within
two years and eight within ten years-lack of success being the main reason.
-William
Ebenstein and Edwin Fogelman
